- Circadian rhythm
- your internal clock, the roughly 24-hour cycle that decides when you feel sleepy and when you feel alert. Light, especially morning light, is its main signal.
- Phase advance
- the common age-related shift toward an earlier clock, sleepy earlier in the evening, awake earlier in the morning. Normal for many people, and workable.
- Sleep pressure
- the buildup of the drive to sleep the longer you're awake, like an appetite for sleep. Long or late naps discharge it, which is why they can steal from the night.
- Sleep diary
- a short daily record of your sleep, kept for a week or two, that shows your real patterns instead of your fearful guesses about them.
- Stimulus control
- the idea of keeping the bed strongly associated with sleep by using it only for sleep, and getting up when you're awake and frustrated, so your brain learns bed means sleep.
- Nocturia
- waking in the night to use the bathroom. Common after 60, sometimes workable at home, and worth raising with a doctor if it's frequent or new.
- Sleep apnea
- a disorder where breathing repeatedly pauses during sleep, often with loud snoring, gasping, and daytime sleepiness. A reason to see a doctor, not something to self-manage.
- Restless legs
- an uncomfortable urge to move the legs, usually in the evening, relieved by movement. If it's disturbing your sleep regularly, it's worth mentioning to a doctor.
- Melatonin
- a supplement related to the body's own sleep-timing signal. It may have a role for some sleep problems, but dose and timing matter, so it's a question for your clinician rather than a guess off a label.
- CBT-I (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia)
- a short, structured, drug-free program that sleep doctors generally reach for first with long-running insomnia. Set up with a trained professional.