- Phishing
- a fake message (email, text, or call) that imitates a real company or person to trick you into giving up information, money, or access. "Smishing" is the text-message version.
- Impostor scam
- any scam where the criminal pretends to be someone you'd trust, a grandchild, an official, your bank, to lower your guard.
- Spoofing
- faking the phone number, email address, or name that shows up, so a scammer's contact looks like it comes from someone real.
- Credit freeze
- a free lock on your credit file that stops anyone from opening new accounts in your name until you lift it. Doesn't affect your existing accounts or your score.
- Two-step (two-factor) verification
- a second proof of identity when logging in, usually a code sent to your phone, so a stolen password alone can't get in.
- Gift-card scam
- any demand that you pay a bill, fee, or fine with gift cards. Always a scam, without exception.
- Wire transfer
- a fast, usually irreversible way to send money. Legitimate for some uses, dangerous when demanded by a stranger who contacted you.
- Cryptocurrency
- digital money (like Bitcoin) that's hard to trace and reverse, which is why scammers favor it. No real agency asks to be paid this way.
- Identity theft
- using your personal information, name, Social Security number, account details, to open credit, claim benefits, or make charges in your name.
- Remote access
- software that lets someone else control your computer. Fine when you seek out real help; catastrophic when a stranger who called you talks you into it.